DESHMUKH CLASSES

DESHMUKH CLASSES

Preposition

Preposition शब्दयोगी अव्यय

A Preposition is a word used with a Noun or Pronoun to show its relation to some other words in the sentences.
नाम किंवा सर्वनाम यांचा वाक्यातील इतर शब्दांशी असणारा संबंध दर्शविणाऱ्या शब्दाला शब्दयोगी अव्यय म्हणतात

Types of Prepositions शब्दयोगी अव्ययाचे प्रकार

Single word preposition
Aboard,about,above,across,after,against,along,amid,amidst,among,amongst,around,as,astride,at,bar,before,behind,below,beneath,beside,besides,between,beyond,but,by,down,during,of,up,off,upon,on,via,to,in,into,outside,within,over,without,past,with,plus,round,despite,since,for,opposite,through,for,under,from,till,untill,per,than,throughout,towards,

Verbs or adjectives but preposition - except,unlike,concerning,considering,pending,barring,following,including,worth,like,near,excepting,

Complex or compound prepositions - upto,as for,such as,on account of,out of, as to, in view of, instead of,owing to,along with,together with,on to,due to,apart from,in spite of,in comparison with,because of,away from, by means of, in accordance with.

Position of prepositions
A) At the beginning वाक्याच्या सुरुवातीला

B) In the middle वाक्याच्या मध्ये

C) At the end वाक्याच्या शेवटी

शब्दयोगी अव्यय नसल्यास वाक्य अर्थहीन होते.

शब्दयोगी अव्ययानंतर नेहमी नाम असते. परंतु नाम नसल्यास तेच शब्दयोगी अव्यय क्रियाविशेषणाची भूमिका निभावते.

शब्दयोगी अव्ययानंतर नेहमी सर्वनामाची द्वितीयाच असते.

Use of some of important Prepositions

1)Among च्या मध्ये
दोनपेक्षा अधिक व्यक्ती किंवा वस्तूंच्या मध्ये असा उल्लेख करताना among वापरतात.

I found him standing among the crowd

Distribute these chocolates among the children.

2) Between च्या मध्ये
जेव्हा फक्त दोन घटकांच्या मध्ये असा शब्दप्रयोग असेल तेव्हा between वापरतात
परंतू दोनपेक्षा अधिक घटक असतील व and वापरलेले असेल तर between वापरावे. कारण between बरोबर नेहमी and असते.

Distribute these books between Ram and shyam

India lies between China, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Shrilanka


3) IN:आत असून स्थिर च्यामध्ये च्या आत असणे,महिने,वर्ष,ऋतू,कालदर्शक शब्दापूर्वी,मोठी शहरे,राज्य,देश,द्रव,धातू मध्ये लिहणे साठी,कालवाचक शब्दापूर्वी,बंदिस्त जागा तसेच ज्याला काही ठराविक सीमा आहे अशा नामापूर्वी,
Ex- a Country - in india
He lives in India.

a town - in pusad
a village - in bansi
a square - in the square

a street - in the street
I met her in the street

a room - in the room
a forest - in the forest
a wood - in the wood
a field - in the field
a desert - in the desert
a chair - in the chair

in the class
They are in the class

In the house
In bed
In the year
In the month
In the morning
In the evening
In the afternoon
In the season

In a week
I will return your book in a week.


In 1989
I born in 1989

In August
I shall come to Pune in june

In ink
She wrote her name in ink with a pen.

A/an+adj+car/taxi/bus अशी रचना असल्यास in वापरावे
She came in a new car.






At च्या कडे वाजता

निश्चित वेळ दर्शविली जाते
I get up At 6 O'clock.
He danced at 10 O'clock.

आसपास या अर्थाने खालील नामापूर्वी at वापरले जाते.
At home, at work, at the office, at school, at university, at an address, at a certain point, at the bridge, at the bus stop

एकाच वाक्यात दोन स्थळांचा उल्लेख असेल तर मोठ्या स्थळापूर्वी in वापरावे व लहान स्थळापूर्वी at वापरावे.
She lives in Aurangabad at samarthnagar.

खालील काळदर्शक शब्दापूर्वी at वापरतात
at dawn, at midnight, at noon

कृतीमागे विशिष्ट उद्दिष्ट किंवा उद्देश असेल तर at वापरतात.
He threw the stone at the car
Aim the ball at the hole

च्यामध्ये चांगला साठी good at वापरावे
He is good at English

निश्चित वयापूर्वी at वापरतात.
He went to the U.S.A. at sixteen.

INTO: हालचाल करून आत येणे किंवा जाणे
THE children ran into the house
He jumped into the river
She threw a stone into the pound.

स्थितीत बदल होताना/एका अवस्थेतून दुसर्‍या अवस्थेत जाणे/रुपांतर होणे/एका सबंध वस्तूचे तुकडे करणे
Father's anger melted into peace.
Mother cut an apple into many pieces.
The cat fell into the well


एका भाषेतून दुसर्‍या भाषेत रुपांतर
करण्यासाठी,
Geetanjali is Translated into many languages.

Translate this passage English to Marathi


तोडून आत जाण्यासाठी break into वापरतात.
The thief broke into the house and looted it


About वेळ साठी आसपास, एखादी घटना नजीकच्या काळात घडणार

वेळ साठी आसपास,
It is about 10 O'clock.
It is about lunch hour.

एखादी घटना नजीकच्या काळात घडणार यासाठी About to वापरतात
She was about to go to bed.

खालील क्रियापदानंतर about वापरतात
Argue, complain, find out, joke, know, protest, quarrel, read, teach, worry, ask, enquire, learn, think, agree, hear, laugh, care, wonder,
Have you heard about it?
I know about it.

Phrase
Keep about
Worry about
Serious about


Since पासून, निश्चित वेळ, घटनेचे पहिले टोक

घटना सुरु झाल्याची निश्चित वेळ दिलेली असेल म्हणजेच घटनेचे पहिले टोक दिलेले असेल तर since वापरावे.
Sunday, morning, evening, 10 O'clock, 2001,june
She has been waiting for you since 8 O'clock.
It has been raining since morning.
He has been here since Monday.
I have been living here since 1972

वार वर्षे महिना





From पासून घटनेची दोन्ही टोके

to/till/until बरोबर वापर करतात
S + V + from + noun + to/till/until + O
Most People work from nine to five
Will your school remain closed from tomorrow till the 25th of March?



From चा वापर स्थळ दर्शविण्यासाठी करतात
Where do you come from?

Phrase
Absent from, Prevent from, Conceal from, Divert from, Protect from,Suffer from, Hide from, Rescue from, Die From hunger, Refrain from, Come from





For पासून : चालू पूर्ण व पूर्ण काळामध्ये घटनेचा कालखंड दिला असेल तर For वापरतात
7 hours, 10 days, 12 years, whole morning
He has been working in this company for 10 years.

By 2010, they will have been building the bridge for 5 years.

पूर्ण काळातसुद्धा कालखंडापूर्वी for वापरतात.
My elder brother has been ill for four days.

अप्रत्यक्ष कर्मापूर्वी प्रत्यक्ष कर्म आले तर च्या साठी अर्थाने अप्रत्यक्ष कर्मापूर्वी for वापरतात.
I will get a drink for Manoj.

उद्देश व कारण दर्शविण्यासाठी for वापरतात. For नंतर क्रियापद आल्यास त्याला ing प्रत्यय असतो.
I need a pen for writing a letter.
He was punished for theft.

Phrase
Admit for, care for, Long For, Ask for, Account for, look for, Yearn for, Qualified for, Eligible for, Search For, Fondness for, Apologize for

उद्देश व कारण करिता For वापरतात.


Towards
च्या दिशेने जाणे या अर्थाने towards वापरतात
He went towards the house.
The country seems to be moving towards war.


Over च्यावर /संपणे
स्पर्श न करता,अमूक वयापेक्षा जास्त,एखाद्यावर हुकूमत गाजविणे,वरचे पद मिळणे,काही अंतर सोडून वर,एका टोकापासून दुसर्‍या टोकापर्यंत,झाकून टाकणे,संपणे,पर्यत,दुसर्‍या बाजूला या अर्थाने,

काही अंतर सोडून वर
THE helicopter is flying over our heads.

एका टोकापासून दुसऱ्या टोकापर्यंत
There is a bridge over the river.


झाकून टाकणे या अर्थाने
We put a rug over him.


संपणे या अर्थाने
My school gets over at 5.30 p.m.

पर्यत या अर्थाने
Can you stay here over Monday?

दुसर्‍या बाजूला किनार्‍यावर या अर्थाने
They live over the street.

सर्वत्र या अर्थाने all over वापरतात.
He travelled all over India.

Phrase
Control over, Preside over, Rule over


ABOVE:स्पर्श न करता वर,च्या पेक्षा जास्त,च्या वर असणे,कुवतीपेक्षा जास्त,क्रमाने वर,

च्या पेक्षा जास्त या अर्थाने
It weighs above ten tons.


कुवतीपेक्षा जास्त या अर्थाने
He lives above his means

क्रमाने वर या अर्थाने
Read the passage given above and find the answers.


On :वस्तूला स्पर्श करून वर, वार व तारखेपूर्वी, बाजू दाखविण्यासाठी, एखाद्या विषयावर लिहणे व बोलणे, एखाद्यावर अवलंबून असणे, मुद्दाम येणे, हाक मारणे, सुरू करणे, पकडणे, एखाद्या मंडळाचा/संस्थेचा सदस्य या अर्थाने, time च्या पूर्वी,शरीराच्या कोणत्याही भागावर या अर्थाने, च्या नंतर, च्या संबंधी, कारणाकरता,वेळेवर, अधूनमधून,

च्या वर स्पर्श करून या अर्थाने
THE rings is on my finger.
The ball is on the table.

दिवस व तारखेपूर्वी on वापरावे
I will meet you on Sunday.
She will come on 4 june
I will meet you on Christmas Day.

च्या विषयी
He wrote a book on India.

च्या जोरावर
Goat lives on grass
A car runs on petrol.

एखाद्या मंडळाचा/संस्थेचा सदस्य या अर्थाने
He is on the committee

चालू आहे या अर्थाने
Radio is on
Please on your television.


On time वेळेवर
In time वेळेच्या आत
In good time वेळेपेक्षा बरेच आधी
THE train came on time
You must be in time for your school.
I arrived at the station in a good time.

पायी जाण्यासाठी, सायकल व मोटारसायकल साठी on वापरतात
She went by train
He goes to school on his bicycle.
He goes to office on feet.

Phrase
Confer on
Reflect on
On the way
Keen on
Comment on
Feed on
Live on
Impress on
Rely on
Complimented on



UPON :च्या वर हालचाल करुन वर,एखादी गोष्ट पाहून,काळजी घेणे या अर्थाने,

खालून वर जाणे अर्थाने upon वापरतात.
The cat jumped upon the table.


Before च्या पूर्वी
Before चा उपयोग कोणत्याही काळात केला जातो.
I have not seen him before.
I had seen him before

च्या पूर्वी या अर्थाने
I will be there before 7 O'clock.

च्या समोर
THE thief was produced before the judge.


Ago च्या पूर्वी
Ago चा वापर फक्त साध्या भूतकाळात करतात.
I met him two months ago.


With च्या बरोबर
निर्जीव साधनाच्या साह्याने कृती केल्यास त्या नामापूर्वी with वापरावे परंतु सजीवांकडून कृती झाल्यास by वापरावे
He writes with a pen.
The dog was beaten with a bamboo by him.

च्या बरोबर
He is playing with a dog
He came with his brother.

च्या प्रभावामुळे
He is trembling with fear.
Her eyes are red with tears.

गुण किंवा वैशिष्ट्यासाठी
She is a girl with blue eyes.

च्या पासून अलग होणे
I parted with him at the station.

व्यक्तीपासून वेगळे होण्यास parted with

च्यावर रागावणे साठी get angry with वापरावे
My father got angry with me

कृतीचे साधन दाखवताना with वापरावे
She was beaten with a stick by him

Phrase
Annoyed with
Agree with
Differ with
Gifted with
In accordance with
Reward with
Jam with
Related with
Acquainted with
Busy with
Converse with
Face with
Meet with
Equally with
Rise with
Argue with
Interfere with
Get angry with
Popular with
Atone with
Concern with


Under च्या खाली
च्या खाली काही अंतर सोडून
We sat under a tree

अवस्था दाखविण्यासाठी
THE house is under repairs

The patient is under chloroform

च्या अधिपत्याखाली
This department is under a class I officer.

च्या पेक्षा कमी अर्थाने under वापरतात
He is under fourteen


By जवळ/ने/वाजता
च्या जवळ
Sit by me

वाजेपर्यंत
Would you come by 6 O'clock

Passive voice करताना सजीवांकडून कृती झाल्यास
A Letter was written by her

च्या नुसार
What is the time by your watch?

He sells cloth by the meter

च्या द्वारा च्या प्रमाणात
I shall go by train

The bullet missed him by three inches.

Train, bus, aeroplane यासाठी by वापरतात.

पद्धत, त्याच बरोबर तुलना करणे
I caught the thief by the hand.
We won by four goals by two.

कृती कोणी केली म्हणजेच कर्ता दाखवायचा झाल्यास by वापरावे.
The bag was given by her

निर्जीव घटक सजीवांप्रमाणे कृती करत असतील तर by वापरावे
The house was damaged by the storm.

Phrase
Abide by
Time by the watch
One by one


To स ला कडे

दिशा दाखविण्यासाठी
She went to Pune.

उद्देश दर्शविण्यासाठी
He studies hard to get success.

Indirect object पूर्वी जर direct object वापरलेले असेल तर indirect object पूर्वी to शब्दयोगी अव्यय वापरतात. अशा वाक्यातील क्रियापदे शक्यतो bring, give, hand, leave, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, send, show, sing, take, tall अशी असतात.

Indirect object - व्यक्ती
Direct object - वस्तू

She wrote him a letter - a letter was written to him by her

Show this book to your teacher.

I gave a book to Tom.

Smoking is injurious to health.


तुलना दर्शविताना
Your efforts are nothing to mine.

समोरासमोर या अर्थाने खालील शब्दसमूहाबरोबर to वापरतात.
Face to face
Back to back
Neck to neck

Accompany to
Add to
Attend to
Compare to
Introduce to
Lead to
Excel to
Propose to
Pray to
Wait to
According to
Attend to
Object to
Appeal to
Addicted to
Beneficial to
Confine to
Due to
Equal to
Greatful to
Similar to
Married to
Used to
Accustomed to
Conform to
Respond to
Apologize to
Admit to
Blind to
Inferior to
Eager to
Married to
Witness to
Listen to
Superior to
Yield to
Owing to
Occur to
Refer to

Of चा ची चे
निर्जीव वस्तूची षष्ठी विभक्ती करताना
Cover of book

च्या संबंधी या अर्थाने
That was a story of love





























UP :वरच्या दिशेने जाणे,वर असलेली स्थिती स्पष्ट करण्यासाठी,

After च्या नंतर क्रम दाखविण्यासाठी

Down खाली

Against च्या विरुद्ध, विपरीत परिस्थितीत ला टेकून

Below च्या खाली क्रमाने

Above क्रमाने वर

Through च्या मधून

Along with च्या बरोबर

Along च्या कडेने च्या बरोबर

Across ला ओलांडून च्या पलीकडे

Off बंद /तुटणे /अलग होणे /उड्डाण करणे







Preposition in English
Preposition
Marathi
about
         बद्दल
Above
         वर
across
       पलिकडे
after
         नंतर
against
      विरुद्ध
Among
       मध्ये
Around
       भोवती
As/ like
      सारखा
aside
        बाजुला
Before
     आधी
below
      खाली
for
       साठी
From /since
      पासून / कडून
in
      आत
outside
      बाहेर
till / untill
     पर्यंत
without
     शिवाय
behind
     मागे
during
       दरम्यान
Near /close to
      जवळ
towards
      दिशेने
with
     सोबत / बरोबर
Instead of
      ऐवजी
On behalf of
      वतीने
In front of
      समोर
Prior to
      पूर्वी
Because of
      मुळे
According to
      अनुसार / प्रमाणे
Through
      मधून
With

       शी


About me (male/female) माझ्या बद्दल
After us आमच्या/ आपल्या नंतर
aside you (singular) तुझ्या बाजुला
before you (plural ) तुमच्या आधी 
below him त्याच्या खाली / त्याखाली
after him त्याच्या नंतर / त्यानंतर
for her तीच्या साठी 
from it त्याच्या पासून 
                                                     त्याच्या कडून 
                                                     त्यापासून
                                                    त्याकडून
in them त्यांच्या आत

From self स्वतः कडून
After self स्वतः नंतर

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