Article
An article is
a word that is used before a noun to show
whether the noun refers to something specific
or not. A , an and the are articles.
Article is the most important in English language.
इंग्रजी भाषेत उपपदांना अनन्य साधारण महत्त्व आहे
There are three article in English language.
एकूण उपपदे तीन आहेत
a’, ‘an’ and ‘the’ are the three articles used in English language.In English, there are two kinds of grammar
articles. ‘a’ and ‘an’ are called indefinite Articles and ‘the’ is called the definite article.
An article is
a word that is used before a noun to show
whether the noun refers to something specific
or not. A , an and the are articles.
Article is the most important in English language.
इंग्रजी भाषेत उपपदांना अनन्य साधारण महत्त्व आहे
There are three article in English language.
एकूण उपपदे तीन आहेत
a’, ‘an’ and ‘the’ are the three articles used in English language.In English, there are two kinds of grammar
articles. ‘a’ and ‘an’ are called indefinite Articles and ‘the’ is called the definite article.
1) A
2)AN
3)THE
2)AN
3)THE
There are two parts of articles
उपपदांचे दोन प्रकार आहेत
1)Indefinite Article -A,An
2)Definite Article - The
उपपदांचे दोन प्रकार आहेत
1)Indefinite Article -A,An
2)Definite Article - The
उपपद वापरण्याचे नियम
1)A ए अ
1)A ए अ
1) common nouns should be singular
सामान्यनाम एकवचनी असावे.
एकाच प्रकारच्या वस्तूंना त्यांच्या अंगी असलेल्या गुणधर्माच्या सारखेपणामुळे जे सर्वसाधारण नाव दिले जाते त्यालाच सामान्यनाम असे म्हणतात.
सामान्यनाम एकवचनी असावे.
एकाच प्रकारच्या वस्तूंना त्यांच्या अंगी असलेल्या गुणधर्माच्या सारखेपणामुळे जे सर्वसाधारण नाव दिले जाते त्यालाच सामान्यनाम असे म्हणतात.
2)common noun should be countable .
ज्या वस्तू आपण संख्येने मोजू शकतो,त्यांना countable things म्हणतात. Ex- book, chalk, tree,
ज्या वस्तू आपण संख्येने मोजू शकतो,त्यांना countable things म्हणतात. Ex- book, chalk, tree,
3)We use "a" before a consonant sound.
व्यंजनाने सुरुवात
इंग्रजीमध्ये एकूण 21 व्यंजने आहेत.
B, c, d, f, G, h, J, K, l, m, N,p, q, r, S, T, v, w, x, Y, Z,
Ex- a bird, a dog, a rock
this is a bird
That is a dog
It is a rock
I am a teacher
I am a boy
व्यंजनाने सुरुवात
इंग्रजीमध्ये एकूण 21 व्यंजने आहेत.
B, c, d, f, G, h, J, K, l, m, N,p, q, r, S, T, v, w, x, Y, Z,
Ex- a bird, a dog, a rock
this is a bird
That is a dog
It is a rock
I am a teacher
I am a boy
a उपपद वापरण्याचा अपवाद
एखाद्या स्वराने सुरू होणार्‍या परंतु व्यंजनासारखा उच्चार होणार्‍या सामान्यनामापूर्वी देखील a उपपद वापरतात.
E चा उच्चार यू a European
एखाद्या स्वराने सुरू होणार्‍या परंतु व्यंजनासारखा उच्चार होणार्‍या सामान्यनामापूर्वी देखील a उपपद वापरतात.
E चा उच्चार यू a European
O चा उच्चार व a one rupee note,
a one eyed girl
a one eyed girl
U चा उच्चार यू a University, a uniform, a union, a unit,
सामान्यनामाचा पुन्हा पुन्हा वापर करावा लागत असेल तर त्या नामाच्या पहिल्या वापरापूर्वी a व नंतरच्या वापरापूर्वी the उपपद वापरतात.
Ex- This is a book. The book is written by tagore
Ex- This is a book. The book is written by tagore
एखाद्या सामान्यनामापूर्वी विशेषण असून त्या विशेषणाची सुरुवात व्यंजनाने झालेली असल्यास त्यापूर्वी a उपपद वापरतात.
Ex- I saw a small child weeping for toys.
या वाक्यात child हे सामान्यनाम असून त्यापूर्वी small हे विशेषण आहे विशेषणाची सुरुवात S या व्यंजनाने झालेली आहे त्यामुळे त्यापूर्वी a उपपद वापरतात.
Ex- I saw a small child weeping for toys.
या वाक्यात child हे सामान्यनाम असून त्यापूर्वी small हे विशेषण आहे विशेषणाची सुरुवात S या व्यंजनाने झालेली आहे त्यामुळे त्यापूर्वी a उपपद वापरतात.
An अॅन
1) सामान्यनाम एकवचनी असावे.
एकाच प्रकारच्या वस्तूंना त्यांच्या अंगी असलेल्या गुणधर्माच्या सारखेपणामुळे जे सर्वसाधारण नाव दिले जाते त्यालाच सामान्यनाम असे म्हणतात.
1) सामान्यनाम एकवचनी असावे.
एकाच प्रकारच्या वस्तूंना त्यांच्या अंगी असलेल्या गुणधर्माच्या सारखेपणामुळे जे सर्वसाधारण नाव दिले जाते त्यालाच सामान्यनाम असे म्हणतात.
2)countable असावे.
ज्या वस्तू आपण संख्येने मोजू शकतो,त्यांना countable things म्हणतात. Ex- book, chalk, tree, Apple, Umbrella, elephant.
ज्या वस्तू आपण संख्येने मोजू शकतो,त्यांना countable things म्हणतात. Ex- book, chalk, tree, Apple, Umbrella, elephant.
3)We use "an" before a vowel sound .
स्वराने सुरुवात झालेली असावी.
इंग्रजीमध्ये एकूण 5 स्वर आहेत.
A, E, I, O, U
स्वराने सुरुवात झालेली असावी.
इंग्रजीमध्ये एकूण 5 स्वर आहेत.
A, E, I, O, U
EX- AN elephant, an ink pot, an ant, an orange
I Saw ___ elephant
It is an Ink pot
That is an ant
It is an Ink pot
That is an ant
An उपपद वापरण्याचा अपवाद
एखाद्या सामान्यनामाची सुरुवात h ने झालेली असून त्याचा उच्चार स्वरासारखा होत असेल तर त्या सामान्यनामापूर्वी an उपपद वापरतात.
Ex- an hour, an honest, heir,
वरील शब्दांचा उच्चार ह न होता अ होतो म्हणून त्यांना an हे उपपद वापरतात.
Ex- an hour, an honest, heir,
वरील शब्दांचा उच्चार ह न होता अ होतो म्हणून त्यांना an हे उपपद वापरतात.
पदव्यापूर्वी an उपपद वापरतात.
An M.P.,an S.P.,an M.A., an M.L.A.
Mr jadhav is an S.P
परंतू या पदव्या विशिष्ट स्थळाशी जोडल्यास the उपपद वापरावे.
Mr jadhav is the S. P of pune district.
An M.P.,an S.P.,an M.A., an M.L.A.
Mr jadhav is an S.P
परंतू या पदव्या विशिष्ट स्थळाशी जोडल्यास the उपपद वापरावे.
Mr jadhav is the S. P of pune district.
सामान्यनामाचा पुन्हा पुन्हा वापर करावा लागत असेल तर त्या नामाच्या पहिल्या वापरापूर्वी an व नंतरच्या वापरापूर्वी the उपपद वापरतात.
I saw an old man lying in the mud.
The old man was none but the grand father of my friend.
I saw an old man lying in the mud.
The old man was none but the grand father of my friend.
एखाद्या सामान्यनामापूर्वी विशेषण असून त्या विशेषणाची सुरुवात स्वराने झालेली असल्यास त्यापूर्वी an उपपद वापरतात.
Ex- I saw an old man.
या वाक्यात man हे सामान्यनाम असून त्यापूर्वी old हे विशेषण आहे विशेषणाची सुरुवात O या स्वराने झालेली आहे त्यामुळे त्यापूर्वी a उपपद वापरतात.
Ex- I saw an old man.
या वाक्यात man हे सामान्यनाम असून त्यापूर्वी old हे विशेषण आहे विशेषणाची सुरुवात O या स्वराने झालेली आहे त्यामुळे त्यापूर्वी a उपपद वापरतात.
The द दि
1)
2)
3)
1)
2)
3)
The definite article ‘the’ is used before the names of rivers, mountain ranges and things which are unique in the world.
Eg. :
The Ganges is a polluted river now.
The Yamuna flows through Delhi.
The Himalayas are the highest mountain ranges in the world.
The Sun rises in the east.
The Moon has a cycle of one month.
The Yamuna flows through Delhi.
The Himalayas are the highest mountain ranges in the world.
The Sun rises in the east.
The Moon has a cycle of one month.
It is also used in comparison :
तुलना करताना
Eg : Mumbai is considered
the Manchester of India.
Kalidasa is the Shakespeare of India.
तुलना करताना
Eg : Mumbai is considered
the Manchester of India.
Kalidasa is the Shakespeare of India.
The उपपद वापरण्याचे काही विशिष्ट नियम
जगातील एकमेव वस्तूंच्या नावापूर्वी the उपपद वापरतात.
The prefix is used before the name of the only object in the world.
जगातील एकमेव वस्तूंच्या नावापूर्वी the उपपद वापरतात.
The prefix is used before the name of the only object in the world.
The gateway of india, the Taj mahal, The Red Fort, the white house,
मोठ्या वर्तमान पत्राच्या नावापूर्वी The उपपद वापरतात.
The prefix is used before the name of the largest current newspapers.
The prefix is used before the name of the largest current newspapers.
The lokmat times,
सुर्यकुलातील वस्तूंच्या नावापूर्वी the उपपद वापरतात.
The suffixes are used before the names of objects in the sun.
The suffixes are used before the names of objects in the sun.
Ex- The Sun, The Moon, The Stars, The Earth, The Milky-way,
समुद्राच्या नावापूर्वी The उपपद वापरतात.
Ex- The Arabion Sea, The Indian Ocean, The Atlantic Ocean, The Pacific Ocean
Ex- The Arabion Sea, The Indian Ocean, The Atlantic Ocean, The Pacific Ocean
पर्वताच्या नावापूर्वी The उपपद वापरतात
Ex- The Himalaya, The Sahyadri, The Vindhya, The Satpuda,
Ex- The Himalaya, The Sahyadri, The Vindhya, The Satpuda,
नद्यांच्या नावापूर्वी The उपपद वापरतात.
Ex- The Ganga, The Koyana, The Godavari, The Kaveri
Ex- The Ganga, The Koyana, The Godavari, The Kaveri
दिशांच्या नावापूर्वी the उपपद वापरतात.
The East, The West, The North, The South, The North East, The South East, The North West, The South West,
The East, The West, The North, The South, The North East, The South East, The North West, The South West,
The definite article ‘the’ is used before Holy books.
धार्मिक ग्रंथाच्या/ पुस्तकांच्या नावापूर्वी The उपपद वापरतात.
धार्मिक ग्रंथाच्या/ पुस्तकांच्या नावापूर्वी The उपपद वापरतात.
Ex- The Ramayana, The Bhagwad Gita, The Mahabharata, The Dnyaneshwari, The Quran, The Bible,
The definite article ‘the’ is used before superlatives.
Superlative Degree मध्ये विशेषणाच्या तिसर्या रुपापूर्वी The उपपद वापरतात.
Eg. :
Superlative Degree मध्ये विशेषणाच्या तिसर्या रुपापूर्वी The उपपद वापरतात.
Eg. :
Kumar is the cleverest boy in the class.
Geeta is the tallest girl in the class.
Cheeta is the fastest animal.
Ganesh is the best boy of all.
The most beautiful girl.
क्रमवाचक संख्याविशेषणाच्या पूर्वी The उपपद वापरतात.
Ex- The First, The Second, The Third
Geeta is the tallest girl in the class.
Cheeta is the fastest animal.
Ganesh is the best boy of all.
The most beautiful girl.
क्रमवाचक संख्याविशेषणाच्या पूर्वी The उपपद वापरतात.
Ex- The First, The Second, The Third
विशेषणापूर्वी the उपपद वापरत नाहीत. परंतु जेव्हा विशेषणापूर्वी the उपपद वापरुन त्यानंतर सामान्यनामाचा वापर केलेला नसतो तेव्हा ते विशेषण त्या वर्गातील सर्वाचा उल्लेख करीत असते.
Ex- The white सर्व गोरे लोक
The Black सर्व काळे लोक
Ex- The white सर्व गोरे लोक
The Black सर्व काळे लोक
एखाद्या सामान्यनामावर जोर देताना त्यापूर्वी the उपपद वापरतात.
Ex- This is the place where I want to get off.
Ex- This is the place where I want to get off.
प्रतिनिधित्व करणाऱ्या एकवचनी सामान्यनामापूर्वी The उपपद वापरतात.
Ex- The Dog is an honest animal.
Ex- The Dog is an honest animal.
डावी बाजू / उजवी बाजू असा उल्लेख करताना The उपपद वापरतात.
The left, the right
The left, the right
एकदा उल्लेख झालेल्या सामान्यनामाचा पुन्हा पुन्हा वापर होत असल्यास त्यापूर्वी The उपपद वापरतात.
Ex- Monica loves a cow. The Cow is very useful.
Ex- Monica loves a cow. The Cow is very useful.
संपूर्ण कुटुंबाचा उल्लेख करताना आडनावांच्या अनेकवचनापूर्वी The उपपद वापरतात.
Ex- The karniks, the deshmukhs,
Ex- The karniks, the deshmukhs,
विशेषनामापूर्वी उपपद वापरत नाहीत परंतु एखाद्या विशेषनामाचा वापर दुसर्या विशेषनामाला उपमा देण्यासाठी होत असेल तर त्यापूर्वी The उपपद वापरतात.
Kalidas is called the shakespear of India.
येथे shakespear हे विशेषनाम उपमा देण्यासाठी सामान्यनामाचे कार्य करीत आहे. म्हणून त्यापूर्वी the उपपद वापरलेले आहे.
Kalidas is called the shakespear of India.
येथे shakespear हे विशेषनाम उपमा देण्यासाठी सामान्यनामाचे कार्य करीत आहे. म्हणून त्यापूर्वी the उपपद वापरलेले आहे.
The हे उपपद same या शब्दापूर्वी पण वापरले जाते
The same book, the same student
The same book, the same student
The हे उपपद प्रांतवासी देशवासी यांच्या नावापूर्वी वापरतात.
Ex- The Indian, the maharashtrian,
Ex- The Indian, the maharashtrian,
THE उपपद वापरण्याचे नियम
एकमेव वस्तु
सुर्यकुलातील वस्तु,
समुद्राच्या,
पर्वतांच्या,
नद्यांच्या,
दिशांच्या,
आखाताच्या,
बेटाच्या,
धार्मिक ग्रंथांच्या,
superlative Degree च्या तिसर्या रुपापूर्वी,
क्रमवाचक विशेषणापूर्वी,
डावी बाजू उजवी बाजूपूर्वी,
देशवासी प्रांतवासीपूर्वी,
same या शब्दापूर्वी,
संपूर्ण कुंटूंबाचा उल्लेख करताना,
एकदा उल्लेख झालेल्या सामान्यनामाचा पुन्हा वापर होत असल्यास,
प्रतिनिधीत्व करणार्या एकवचनी सामान्यनामापूर्वी,
एखाद्या सामान्यनामावर जोर देताना,
विशेषण सर्वाचा उल्लेख असताना,
मोठी वर्तमानपत्रे,
प्रसिद्ध पुस्तके,
धर्माच्या,
विशेषनामापूर्वी विशेषण असेल तर,
एखादे एकवचनी प्राणीवाचक नाम संपूर्ण जातीबद्दल माहिती सांगत असेल तर,
हवामान दर्शविणाऱ्या शब्दापूर्वी,
Theatre,cinema,office,museum,station पूर्वी
शारीरिक अवयवांपूर्वी
घराचे दरवाजे खिडक्या
संगीत साधनापूर्वी
एखाद्या विशेषनामाचा वापर दुसर्या विशेषनामाला उपमा देण्यासाठी होत असेल तरy
President, chief minister, prime minister या नामापूर्वी
Comparative degree मध्ये of the two च्या वाक्यात विशेषणाच्या दुसर्या रुपापूर्वी the वापरतात
एकमेव वस्तु
सुर्यकुलातील वस्तु,
समुद्राच्या,
पर्वतांच्या,
नद्यांच्या,
दिशांच्या,
आखाताच्या,
बेटाच्या,
धार्मिक ग्रंथांच्या,
superlative Degree च्या तिसर्या रुपापूर्वी,
क्रमवाचक विशेषणापूर्वी,
डावी बाजू उजवी बाजूपूर्वी,
देशवासी प्रांतवासीपूर्वी,
same या शब्दापूर्वी,
संपूर्ण कुंटूंबाचा उल्लेख करताना,
एकदा उल्लेख झालेल्या सामान्यनामाचा पुन्हा वापर होत असल्यास,
प्रतिनिधीत्व करणार्या एकवचनी सामान्यनामापूर्वी,
एखाद्या सामान्यनामावर जोर देताना,
विशेषण सर्वाचा उल्लेख असताना,
मोठी वर्तमानपत्रे,
प्रसिद्ध पुस्तके,
धर्माच्या,
विशेषनामापूर्वी विशेषण असेल तर,
एखादे एकवचनी प्राणीवाचक नाम संपूर्ण जातीबद्दल माहिती सांगत असेल तर,
हवामान दर्शविणाऱ्या शब्दापूर्वी,
Theatre,cinema,office,museum,station पूर्वी
शारीरिक अवयवांपूर्वी
घराचे दरवाजे खिडक्या
संगीत साधनापूर्वी
एखाद्या विशेषनामाचा वापर दुसर्या विशेषनामाला उपमा देण्यासाठी होत असेल तरy
President, chief minister, prime minister या नामापूर्वी
Comparative degree मध्ये of the two च्या वाक्यात विशेषणाच्या दुसर्या रुपापूर्वी the वापरतात
उपपदासंबधी काही विशिष्ट नियम
उपपदे फक्त सामान्यनामापूर्वीच वापरतात.
खेळ व रस्त्यांच्या नावापूर्वी उपपद वापरत नाहीत.
Home या शब्दापूर्वी उपपद वापरत नाहीत.
जेवणाची व रोगांची नावांपूर्वी उपपद वापरत नाहीत.
Ex- dinner, lunch, breakfast, supper,
Fever, plague, dysentery,
Ex- dinner, lunch, breakfast, supper,
Fever, plague, dysentery,
भाषा ज्ञानशाखा दिवस महिने ऋतू याच्यापूर्वी उपपद वापरत नाही
Hindi, mathematics, Sunday, March, winter
Hindi, mathematics, Sunday, March, winter
"I need a chair."
In the sentence above we find the article "a". It
shows us that the speaker does not need a
specific chair. He can have any chair.
"I want an apple."
In the sentence above we find the article "an."
It shows us that the speaker does not want a
specific apple. He can have any apple.
"I want the red apple."
In the sentence above we find the article "the."
It shows us that the speaker wants a specific
apple.
In the sentence above we find the article "a". It
shows us that the speaker does not need a
specific chair. He can have any chair.
"I want an apple."
In the sentence above we find the article "an."
It shows us that the speaker does not want a
specific apple. He can have any apple.
"I want the red apple."
In the sentence above we find the article "the."
It shows us that the speaker wants a specific
apple.
The Definite Article
(For example: the box)
"Definite" means "clear, obvious."
The definite article tells us that the noun is
specific. The speaker talks about a particular
(or known) thing.
The definite article in English is " the ."
Examples:
" The car I bought broke down."
"He has a son and a daughter. The daughter is a
doctor."
" The actors were really good."
"I remember the day we first met."
"The" can be used before both singular and
plural nouns.
Examples:
"The flower he gave her was very beautiful."
"The flowers on the table are nice."
(For example: the box)
"Definite" means "clear, obvious."
The definite article tells us that the noun is
specific. The speaker talks about a particular
(or known) thing.
The definite article in English is " the ."
Examples:
" The car I bought broke down."
"He has a son and a daughter. The daughter is a
doctor."
" The actors were really good."
"I remember the day we first met."
"The" can be used before both singular and
plural nouns.
Examples:
"The flower he gave her was very beautiful."
"The flowers on the table are nice."
The Indefinite Article
(For example: a box)
"In-" means "not," and "definite" means "clear,
obvious."
"Indefinite" means "not clear, not exact."
The indefinite article tells us that the noun is
not specific. The speaker talks about any one of
that type of thing.
The indefinite articles in English are "a" and
"an."
Examples:
"I need a pen."
(The speaker doesn't tell us which pen he
needs. He simply needs a pen, any pen.)
"Lisa wants to see a movie."
(The speaker doesn't tell us which movie Lisa
wants to see. She wants to see some movie.)
"Joe has a car."
(The speaker doesn't tell us which car Joe has.
He has some car.)
"She is a dancer."
(She dances for a living.)
What is the difference between "a"
and "an"?
"A" and "an" have the same meaning.
(For example: a box)
"In-" means "not," and "definite" means "clear,
obvious."
"Indefinite" means "not clear, not exact."
The indefinite article tells us that the noun is
not specific. The speaker talks about any one of
that type of thing.
The indefinite articles in English are "a" and
"an."
Examples:
"I need a pen."
(The speaker doesn't tell us which pen he
needs. He simply needs a pen, any pen.)
"Lisa wants to see a movie."
(The speaker doesn't tell us which movie Lisa
wants to see. She wants to see some movie.)
"Joe has a car."
(The speaker doesn't tell us which car Joe has.
He has some car.)
"She is a dancer."
(She dances for a living.)
What is the difference between "a"
and "an"?
"A" and "an" have the same meaning.
Examples:
a dog
a building
a country
a professor
a university
a dog
a building
a country
a professor
a university
Examples:
an apple
an umbrella
an eye
an hour
Important!
We use "a" and "an" only before a singular
noun. We can't use "a" and "an" before a plural
noun.
Examples:
Correct: a car .
Incorrect: a car s .
Correct: an orange .
Incorrect: a oranges .
What is the difference between "a"
and "the"?
"The" is used to talk about specific or known
things. These are usually things that have been
mentioned before or that the listener is familiar
with.
"A" (or "an") is used to talk about things which
are not specific. These are usually things that
haven't been mentioned before or that the
listener is unfamiliar with.
Let's say I tell you: "I went to see a doctor last
week."
Explanation: I went to see some doctor. I didn't
mention him before, and you are not familiar
with him. Another option is that it is not
important who he is. So I use the word "a".
Then I say: " The doctor said I should get more
rest."
Now you already know which doctor I am
referring to. I am referring to the doctor I went
to see. So I use the word "the."
Next I say to you: "Do you remember the movie
we watched together?"
I use the word "the" because I mention a
specific movie – you know which movie I am
talking about.
Then I tell you: "Well, I've seen a better movie
since!"
You are not familiar with the new movie, so I
use the word "a".
I also tell you: " A man on the street stepped on
my foot."
You don't know who exactly stepped on my foot,
I've never mentioned him before. So I use the
word "a".
Finally, I tell you: "I am a singer."
This sentence simply means that I sing for a
living. If I said: "I am the singer", you would
understand that I am the singer that was
mentioned before.
For example:
- "Wow! I heard a great singer is coming to
town."
- "Oh, it's me. I am the great singer."
Now that we understand the general idea of
English grammar articles, here are some more
specific details:
Specific Uses of English
Grammar Articles
In this case Example
Sentence
Use
"a" /
"an"
You mention
something
for the first time.
I have a
problem.
You want to say that
something belongs to
a certain group.
This is a table.
You want to say that
someone belongs to
a certain group.
She is a
designer.
You want to say that
something is that
kind of thing.
I've built a
strong ship.
You want to say that
someone is that kind
of person.
He is a nice
guy.
Use
"the"
You talk about a
specific thing.
The feeling I
got was very
strange.
It is clear which
thing
you are talking about.
I passed the
test!
There is only one
such thing.
Look at the
sun.
No
article
You talk about
something in general.
Pigs can't fly.
Diving can be
difficult.
You talk about cities,
countries, streets,
etc.
We visited
Italy.
Click here for more info on the definite article
the .
So that was the explanation on the English
grammar articles. Now let's practice!
English Grammar Articles
Exercises
an apple
an umbrella
an eye
an hour
Important!
We use "a" and "an" only before a singular
noun. We can't use "a" and "an" before a plural
noun.
Examples:
Correct: a car .
Incorrect: a car s .
Correct: an orange .
Incorrect: a oranges .
What is the difference between "a"
and "the"?
"The" is used to talk about specific or known
things. These are usually things that have been
mentioned before or that the listener is familiar
with.
"A" (or "an") is used to talk about things which
are not specific. These are usually things that
haven't been mentioned before or that the
listener is unfamiliar with.
Let's say I tell you: "I went to see a doctor last
week."
Explanation: I went to see some doctor. I didn't
mention him before, and you are not familiar
with him. Another option is that it is not
important who he is. So I use the word "a".
Then I say: " The doctor said I should get more
rest."
Now you already know which doctor I am
referring to. I am referring to the doctor I went
to see. So I use the word "the."
Next I say to you: "Do you remember the movie
we watched together?"
I use the word "the" because I mention a
specific movie – you know which movie I am
talking about.
Then I tell you: "Well, I've seen a better movie
since!"
You are not familiar with the new movie, so I
use the word "a".
I also tell you: " A man on the street stepped on
my foot."
You don't know who exactly stepped on my foot,
I've never mentioned him before. So I use the
word "a".
Finally, I tell you: "I am a singer."
This sentence simply means that I sing for a
living. If I said: "I am the singer", you would
understand that I am the singer that was
mentioned before.
For example:
- "Wow! I heard a great singer is coming to
town."
- "Oh, it's me. I am the great singer."
Now that we understand the general idea of
English grammar articles, here are some more
specific details:
Specific Uses of English
Grammar Articles
In this case Example
Sentence
Use
"a" /
"an"
You mention
something
for the first time.
I have a
problem.
You want to say that
something belongs to
a certain group.
This is a table.
You want to say that
someone belongs to
a certain group.
She is a
designer.
You want to say that
something is that
kind of thing.
I've built a
strong ship.
You want to say that
someone is that kind
of person.
He is a nice
guy.
Use
"the"
You talk about a
specific thing.
The feeling I
got was very
strange.
It is clear which
thing
you are talking about.
I passed the
test!
There is only one
such thing.
Look at the
sun.
No
article
You talk about
something in general.
Pigs can't fly.
Diving can be
difficult.
You talk about cities,
countries, streets,
etc.
We visited
Italy.
Click here for more info on the definite article
the .
So that was the explanation on the English
grammar articles. Now let's practice!
English Grammar Articles
Exercises
An article
It was like reading an open book.
Yes, it was an accident.
She was an only child who had been very
welcome.
Hopefully it wasn't an indication of his attitude
for the entire visit.
Alondra offered a timid handshake, but Dulce
must have thought it was an invitation to a
wrestling match.
"That was an awful big quake," replied Zeb,
with a white face.
"What an absurd creature!" he exclaimed.
So the Wizard pretended to take one of the
piglets out of the hair of the Princess (while
really he slyly took it from his inside pocket)
and Ozma smiled joyously as the creature
nestled in her arms, and she promised to have
an emerald collar made for its fat neck and to
keep the little squealer always at hand to
amuse her.
But is must be stated that the people of that
Land were generally so well-behaved that there
was not a single lawyer amongst them, and it
had been years since any Ruler had sat in
judgment upon an offender of the law.
"The piglet that belonged to the Princess wore
an emerald collar," said Eureka, loudly enough
for all to hear.
He has been here about an hour.
Then, suddenly, an awkward half-grown boy
who sat right in front of the master's desk
turned squarely around and whispered to
Tommy Jones, three desks away.
He swam to an island that was not far away.
They fastened each of these wheels to the end
of an iron rod which they passed through the
boat from side to side.
Is he also an old man?
It is a simple premise and yet, at the same
time, an article of faith—a faith that the future
would be better than the past.
I also see the pace of problem solving— and
change in general—accelerating at an
astonishing rate.
Had you been around then, would you have
seen the inscrutable lines of cause and effect
that connected the new technology Gutenberg
pioneered and an unknown monk named Martin
Luther?
It lulls you into thinking that things behave in a
straight-line predictable way, and just when it
looks like you have it all worked out, along
comes an unforeseen, game-changing event,
and WHAM!, it hits you upside the head.
But it is an electronic library bigger and better
than any other library that has ever existed or
even been contemplated by humans.
Whenever I find myself growing grim about the
mouth; whenever it is a damp, drizzly
November in my soul; whenever I find myself
involuntarily pausing before coffin warehouses,
and bringing up the rear of every funeral I
meet; and especially whenever my hypos get
such an upper hand of me, that it requires a
strong moral principle to prevent me from
deliberately stepping into the street, and
methodically knocking people's hats off--then, I
account it high time to get to sea as soon as I
can.
But here is an artist.
It touches one's sense of honour, particularly if
you come of an old established family in the
land, the Van Rensselaers, or Randolphs, or
Hardicanutes.
With other men, perhaps, such things would not
have been inducements; but as for me, I am
tormented with an everlasting itch for things
remote.
It had a careless look, as if it were meant for
the uses of the public; so, entering, the first
thing I did was to stumble over an ash-box in
the porch.
The task of writing an autobiography is a
difficult one.
My Grandmother Keller was a daughter of one
of Lafayette's aides, Alexander Moore, and
granddaughter of Alexander Spotswood, an
early Colonial Governor of Virginia.
It is a custom in the South to build a small
house near the homestead as an annex to be
used on occasion.
From the garden it looked like an arbour.
My father suggested the name of Mildred
Campbell, an ancestor whom he highly
esteemed, and he declined to take any further
part in the discussion.
The twelve labors of Hercules were trifling in
comparison with those which my neighbors
have undertaken; for they were only twelve,
and had an end; but I could never see that
these men slew or captured any monster or
finished any labor.
I have no doubt that some of you who read this
book are unable to pay for all the dinners
which you have actually eaten, or for the coats
and shoes which are fast wearing or are
already worn out, and have come to this page
to spend borrowed or stolen time, robbing your
creditors of an hour.
It is very evident what mean and sneaking lives
many of you live, for my sight has been
whetted by experience; always on the limits,
trying to get into business and trying to get out
of debt, a very ancient slough, called by the
Latins aes alienum, another's brass, for some
of their coins were made of brass; still living,
and dying, and buried by this other's brass;
always promising to pay, promising to pay,
tomorrow, and dying today, insolvent; seeking
to curry favor, to get custom, by how many
modes, only not state-prison offenses; lying,
flattering, voting, contracting yourselves into a
nutshell of civility or dilating into an
atmosphere of thin and vaporous generosity,
that you may persuade your neighbor to let you
make his shoes, or his hat, or his coat, or his
carriage, or import his groceries for him;
making yourselves sick, that you may lay up
something against a sick day, something to be
tucked away in an old chest, or in a stocking
behind the plastering, or, more safely, in the
brick bank; no matter where, no matter how
much or how little.
Think, also, of the ladies of the land weaving
toilet cushions against the last day, not to
betray too green an interest in their fates!
Age is no better, hardly so well, qualified for an
instructor as youth, for it has not profited so
much as it has lost.
If you have nothing better to do, Count (or
Prince), and if the prospect of spending an
evening with a poor invalid is not too terrible, I
shall be very charmed to see you tonight
between 7 and 10-- Annette Scherer.
I must put in an appearance there, said the
prince.
Prince Vasili always spoke languidly, like an
actor repeating a stale part.
As she named the Empress, Anna Pavlovna's
face suddenly assumed an expression of
profound and sincere devotion and respect
mingled with sadness, and this occurred every
time she mentioned her illustrious patroness.
Hippolyte is at least a quiet fool, but Anatole is
an active one.
Born when some far-away ancestor, in an idle
hour, scratched on a
Make an inventory of external Nature ( and by
and by of the faculties
But it so happens that it is more than likely
that an explanation will
Shall allow an ample margin if we count the
field of geology to extend
Brought down in size to an ordinary large
school globe, a piece of
It was like reading an open book.
Yes, it was an accident.
She was an only child who had been very
welcome.
Hopefully it wasn't an indication of his attitude
for the entire visit.
Alondra offered a timid handshake, but Dulce
must have thought it was an invitation to a
wrestling match.
"That was an awful big quake," replied Zeb,
with a white face.
"What an absurd creature!" he exclaimed.
So the Wizard pretended to take one of the
piglets out of the hair of the Princess (while
really he slyly took it from his inside pocket)
and Ozma smiled joyously as the creature
nestled in her arms, and she promised to have
an emerald collar made for its fat neck and to
keep the little squealer always at hand to
amuse her.
But is must be stated that the people of that
Land were generally so well-behaved that there
was not a single lawyer amongst them, and it
had been years since any Ruler had sat in
judgment upon an offender of the law.
"The piglet that belonged to the Princess wore
an emerald collar," said Eureka, loudly enough
for all to hear.
He has been here about an hour.
Then, suddenly, an awkward half-grown boy
who sat right in front of the master's desk
turned squarely around and whispered to
Tommy Jones, three desks away.
He swam to an island that was not far away.
They fastened each of these wheels to the end
of an iron rod which they passed through the
boat from side to side.
Is he also an old man?
It is a simple premise and yet, at the same
time, an article of faith—a faith that the future
would be better than the past.
I also see the pace of problem solving— and
change in general—accelerating at an
astonishing rate.
Had you been around then, would you have
seen the inscrutable lines of cause and effect
that connected the new technology Gutenberg
pioneered and an unknown monk named Martin
Luther?
It lulls you into thinking that things behave in a
straight-line predictable way, and just when it
looks like you have it all worked out, along
comes an unforeseen, game-changing event,
and WHAM!, it hits you upside the head.
But it is an electronic library bigger and better
than any other library that has ever existed or
even been contemplated by humans.
Whenever I find myself growing grim about the
mouth; whenever it is a damp, drizzly
November in my soul; whenever I find myself
involuntarily pausing before coffin warehouses,
and bringing up the rear of every funeral I
meet; and especially whenever my hypos get
such an upper hand of me, that it requires a
strong moral principle to prevent me from
deliberately stepping into the street, and
methodically knocking people's hats off--then, I
account it high time to get to sea as soon as I
can.
But here is an artist.
It touches one's sense of honour, particularly if
you come of an old established family in the
land, the Van Rensselaers, or Randolphs, or
Hardicanutes.
With other men, perhaps, such things would not
have been inducements; but as for me, I am
tormented with an everlasting itch for things
remote.
It had a careless look, as if it were meant for
the uses of the public; so, entering, the first
thing I did was to stumble over an ash-box in
the porch.
The task of writing an autobiography is a
difficult one.
My Grandmother Keller was a daughter of one
of Lafayette's aides, Alexander Moore, and
granddaughter of Alexander Spotswood, an
early Colonial Governor of Virginia.
It is a custom in the South to build a small
house near the homestead as an annex to be
used on occasion.
From the garden it looked like an arbour.
My father suggested the name of Mildred
Campbell, an ancestor whom he highly
esteemed, and he declined to take any further
part in the discussion.
The twelve labors of Hercules were trifling in
comparison with those which my neighbors
have undertaken; for they were only twelve,
and had an end; but I could never see that
these men slew or captured any monster or
finished any labor.
I have no doubt that some of you who read this
book are unable to pay for all the dinners
which you have actually eaten, or for the coats
and shoes which are fast wearing or are
already worn out, and have come to this page
to spend borrowed or stolen time, robbing your
creditors of an hour.
It is very evident what mean and sneaking lives
many of you live, for my sight has been
whetted by experience; always on the limits,
trying to get into business and trying to get out
of debt, a very ancient slough, called by the
Latins aes alienum, another's brass, for some
of their coins were made of brass; still living,
and dying, and buried by this other's brass;
always promising to pay, promising to pay,
tomorrow, and dying today, insolvent; seeking
to curry favor, to get custom, by how many
modes, only not state-prison offenses; lying,
flattering, voting, contracting yourselves into a
nutshell of civility or dilating into an
atmosphere of thin and vaporous generosity,
that you may persuade your neighbor to let you
make his shoes, or his hat, or his coat, or his
carriage, or import his groceries for him;
making yourselves sick, that you may lay up
something against a sick day, something to be
tucked away in an old chest, or in a stocking
behind the plastering, or, more safely, in the
brick bank; no matter where, no matter how
much or how little.
Think, also, of the ladies of the land weaving
toilet cushions against the last day, not to
betray too green an interest in their fates!
Age is no better, hardly so well, qualified for an
instructor as youth, for it has not profited so
much as it has lost.
If you have nothing better to do, Count (or
Prince), and if the prospect of spending an
evening with a poor invalid is not too terrible, I
shall be very charmed to see you tonight
between 7 and 10-- Annette Scherer.
I must put in an appearance there, said the
prince.
Prince Vasili always spoke languidly, like an
actor repeating a stale part.
As she named the Empress, Anna Pavlovna's
face suddenly assumed an expression of
profound and sincere devotion and respect
mingled with sadness, and this occurred every
time she mentioned her illustrious patroness.
Hippolyte is at least a quiet fool, but Anatole is
an active one.
Born when some far-away ancestor, in an idle
hour, scratched on a
Make an inventory of external Nature ( and by
and by of the faculties
But it so happens that it is more than likely
that an explanation will
Shall allow an ample margin if we count the
field of geology to extend
Brought down in size to an ordinary large
school globe, a piece of
:
Basically, an article is an
adjective. Like adjectives, articles modify nouns.
English has two articles: the and a/an. The is
used to refer to specific or particular nouns; a/an
is used to modify non-specific or non-particular
nouns. We call the the definite article and a/an
the indefinite article.
the = definite article
a/an = indefinite article
For example, if I say, "Let's read the book," I
mean a specific book. If I say, "Let's read a
book," I mean any book rather than a specific
book.
Here's another way to explain it: The is used to
refer to a specific or particular member of a
group. For example, "I just saw the most popular
movie of the year." There are many movies, but
only one particular movie is the most popular.
Therefore, we use the .
"A/an" is used to refer to a non-specific or non-
particular member of the group. For example, "I
would like to go see a movie." Here, we're not
talking about a specific movie. We're talking
about any movie. There are many movies, and I
want to see any movie. I don't have a specific
one in mind.
Let's look at each kind of article a little more
closely.
Indefinite Articles: a and an
"A" and "an" signal that the noun modified is
indefinite, referring to any member of a group.
For example:
"My daughter really wants a dog for Christmas."
This refers to any dog. We don't know which dog
because we haven't found the dog yet.
"Somebody call a policeman!" This refers to any
policeman. We don't need a specific policeman;
we need any policeman who is available.
"When I was at the zoo, I saw an elephant!"
Here, we're talking about a single, non-specific
thing, in this case an elephant. There are
probably several elephants at the zoo, but
there's only one we're talking about here.
Remember, using a or an depends on the
sound that begins the next word. So...
a + singular noun beginning with a consonant: a
boy; a car; a bike; a zoo; a dog
an + singular noun beginning with a vowel: an
elephant; an egg; an apple; an idiot; an orphan
a + singular noun beginning with a consonant
sound: a user (sounds like 'yoo-zer,' i.e. begins
with a consonant 'y' sound, so 'a' is used); a
university; a unicycle
an + nouns starting with silent "h": an hour
a + nouns starting with a pronounced "h": a horse
In some cases where "h" is pronounced, such as
"historical," you can use an. However, a is more
commonly used and preferred.
A historical event is worth
recording.
Remember that these rules also apply when you
use acronyms:
Introductory Composition at Purdue
(ICaP) handles first-year writing at
the University. Therefore, an ICaP
memo generally discusses issues
concerning English 106 instructors.
Another case where this rule applies is when
acronyms start with consonant letters but have
vowel sounds:
An MSDS (material safety data sheet)
was used to record the data. An SPCC
plan (Spill Prevention Control and
Countermeasures plan) will help us
prepare for the worst.
If the noun is modified by an adjective, the
choice between a and an depends on the initial
sound of the adjective that immediately follows
the article:
a broken egg
an unusual problem
a European country (sounds like 'yer-o-pi-an,' i.e.
begins with consonant 'y' sound)
Remember, too, that in English, the indefinite
articles are used to indicate membership in a
group:
I am a teacher. (I am a member of a large group
known as teachers.)
Brian is an Irishman. (Brian is a member of the
people known as Irish.)
Seiko is a practicing Buddhist. (Seiko is a
member of the group of people known as
Buddhists.)
Definite Article: the
The definite article is used before singular and
plural nouns when the noun is specific or
particular. The signals that the noun is definite,
that it refers to a particular member of a group.
For example:
" The dog that bit me ran away." Here, we're
talking about a specific dog, the dog that bit me.
"I was happy to see the policeman who saved
my cat!" Here, we're talking about a particular
policeman. Even if we don't know the
policeman's name, it's still a particular
policeman because it is the one who saved the
cat.
"I saw the elephant at the zoo." Here, we're
talking about a specific noun. Probably there is
only one elephant at the zoo.
Count and Noncount Nouns
The can be used with noncount nouns, or the
article can be omitted entirely.
"I love to sail over the water" (some specific
body of water) or "I love to sail over water" (any
water).
"He spilled the milk all over the floor" (some
specific milk, perhaps the milk you bought earlier
that day) or "He spilled milk all over the
floor" (any milk).
"A/an" can be used only with count nouns.
"I need a bottle of water."
"I need a new glass of milk."
Most of the time, you can't say, "She wants a
water," unless you're implying, say, a bottle of
water.
Geographical use of the
There are some specific rules for using the with
geographical nouns.
Do not use the before:
names of most countries/territories: Italy, Mexico,
Bolivia; however, the Netherlands, the Dominican
Republic, the Philippines, the United States
names of cities, towns, or states: Seoul,
Manitoba, Miami
names of streets: Washington Blvd., Main St.
names of lakes and bays: Lake Titicaca, Lake Erie
except with a group of lakes like the Great Lakes
names of mountains: Mount Everest, Mount Fuji
except with ranges of mountains like the Andes
or the Rockies or unusual names like the
Matterhorn
names of continents (Asia, Europe)
names of islands (Easter Island, Maui, Key West)
except with island chains like the Aleutians, the
Hebrides, or the Canary Islands
Do use the before:
names of rivers, oceans and seas: the Nile, the
Pacific
points on the globe: the Equator, the North Pole
geographical areas: the Middle East, the West
deserts, forests, gulfs, and peninsulas: the
Sahara, the Persian Gulf, the Black Forest, the
Iberian Peninsula
Omission of Articles
Some common types of nouns that don't take an
article are:
Names of languages and nationalities: Chinese,
English, Spanish, Russian (unless you are
referring to the population of the nation: " The
Spanish are known for their warm hospitality.")
Names of sports: volleyball, hockey, baseball
Names of academic subjects: mathematics,
biology, history, computer science
adjective. Like adjectives, articles modify nouns.
English has two articles: the and a/an. The is
used to refer to specific or particular nouns; a/an
is used to modify non-specific or non-particular
nouns. We call the the definite article and a/an
the indefinite article.
the = definite article
a/an = indefinite article
For example, if I say, "Let's read the book," I
mean a specific book. If I say, "Let's read a
book," I mean any book rather than a specific
book.
Here's another way to explain it: The is used to
refer to a specific or particular member of a
group. For example, "I just saw the most popular
movie of the year." There are many movies, but
only one particular movie is the most popular.
Therefore, we use the .
"A/an" is used to refer to a non-specific or non-
particular member of the group. For example, "I
would like to go see a movie." Here, we're not
talking about a specific movie. We're talking
about any movie. There are many movies, and I
want to see any movie. I don't have a specific
one in mind.
Let's look at each kind of article a little more
closely.
Indefinite Articles: a and an
"A" and "an" signal that the noun modified is
indefinite, referring to any member of a group.
For example:
"My daughter really wants a dog for Christmas."
This refers to any dog. We don't know which dog
because we haven't found the dog yet.
"Somebody call a policeman!" This refers to any
policeman. We don't need a specific policeman;
we need any policeman who is available.
"When I was at the zoo, I saw an elephant!"
Here, we're talking about a single, non-specific
thing, in this case an elephant. There are
probably several elephants at the zoo, but
there's only one we're talking about here.
Remember, using a or an depends on the
sound that begins the next word. So...
a + singular noun beginning with a consonant: a
boy; a car; a bike; a zoo; a dog
an + singular noun beginning with a vowel: an
elephant; an egg; an apple; an idiot; an orphan
a + singular noun beginning with a consonant
sound: a user (sounds like 'yoo-zer,' i.e. begins
with a consonant 'y' sound, so 'a' is used); a
university; a unicycle
an + nouns starting with silent "h": an hour
a + nouns starting with a pronounced "h": a horse
In some cases where "h" is pronounced, such as
"historical," you can use an. However, a is more
commonly used and preferred.
A historical event is worth
recording.
Remember that these rules also apply when you
use acronyms:
Introductory Composition at Purdue
(ICaP) handles first-year writing at
the University. Therefore, an ICaP
memo generally discusses issues
concerning English 106 instructors.
Another case where this rule applies is when
acronyms start with consonant letters but have
vowel sounds:
An MSDS (material safety data sheet)
was used to record the data. An SPCC
plan (Spill Prevention Control and
Countermeasures plan) will help us
prepare for the worst.
If the noun is modified by an adjective, the
choice between a and an depends on the initial
sound of the adjective that immediately follows
the article:
a broken egg
an unusual problem
a European country (sounds like 'yer-o-pi-an,' i.e.
begins with consonant 'y' sound)
Remember, too, that in English, the indefinite
articles are used to indicate membership in a
group:
I am a teacher. (I am a member of a large group
known as teachers.)
Brian is an Irishman. (Brian is a member of the
people known as Irish.)
Seiko is a practicing Buddhist. (Seiko is a
member of the group of people known as
Buddhists.)
Definite Article: the
The definite article is used before singular and
plural nouns when the noun is specific or
particular. The signals that the noun is definite,
that it refers to a particular member of a group.
For example:
" The dog that bit me ran away." Here, we're
talking about a specific dog, the dog that bit me.
"I was happy to see the policeman who saved
my cat!" Here, we're talking about a particular
policeman. Even if we don't know the
policeman's name, it's still a particular
policeman because it is the one who saved the
cat.
"I saw the elephant at the zoo." Here, we're
talking about a specific noun. Probably there is
only one elephant at the zoo.
Count and Noncount Nouns
The can be used with noncount nouns, or the
article can be omitted entirely.
"I love to sail over the water" (some specific
body of water) or "I love to sail over water" (any
water).
"He spilled the milk all over the floor" (some
specific milk, perhaps the milk you bought earlier
that day) or "He spilled milk all over the
floor" (any milk).
"A/an" can be used only with count nouns.
"I need a bottle of water."
"I need a new glass of milk."
Most of the time, you can't say, "She wants a
water," unless you're implying, say, a bottle of
water.
Geographical use of the
There are some specific rules for using the with
geographical nouns.
Do not use the before:
names of most countries/territories: Italy, Mexico,
Bolivia; however, the Netherlands, the Dominican
Republic, the Philippines, the United States
names of cities, towns, or states: Seoul,
Manitoba, Miami
names of streets: Washington Blvd., Main St.
names of lakes and bays: Lake Titicaca, Lake Erie
except with a group of lakes like the Great Lakes
names of mountains: Mount Everest, Mount Fuji
except with ranges of mountains like the Andes
or the Rockies or unusual names like the
Matterhorn
names of continents (Asia, Europe)
names of islands (Easter Island, Maui, Key West)
except with island chains like the Aleutians, the
Hebrides, or the Canary Islands
Do use the before:
names of rivers, oceans and seas: the Nile, the
Pacific
points on the globe: the Equator, the North Pole
geographical areas: the Middle East, the West
deserts, forests, gulfs, and peninsulas: the
Sahara, the Persian Gulf, the Black Forest, the
Iberian Peninsula
Omission of Articles
Some common types of nouns that don't take an
article are:
Names of languages and nationalities: Chinese,
English, Spanish, Russian (unless you are
referring to the population of the nation: " The
Spanish are known for their warm hospitality.")
Names of sports: volleyball, hockey, baseball
Names of academic subjects: mathematics,
biology, history, computer science
Example
1 We cannot entertain ___complaint of this kind.(तलाठी यवतमाळ 2016)
Ans - a
1 We cannot entertain ___complaint of this kind.(तलाठी यवतमाळ 2016)
Ans - a
2 He set __example before others.
(तलाठी यवतमाळ 2016)
Ans - an
(तलाठी यवतमाळ 2016)
Ans - an
3
‘a’ and ‘an’ are used in the sense of ‘one’. The indefinite Article ‘a’ is used before words beginning with consonants or consonantal sound. The indefinite Article ‘an’ is used before words beginning with vowels or vowel sound.
Eg. :
Ragu ate a banana.
The young boy saw a tiger.
The Principal declared a holiday for the college tomorrow.
The young boy saw a tiger.
The Principal declared a holiday for the college tomorrow.
In all the above three examples the article ‘a’ was used in the sense of one.
Sita ate an apple in the morning.
Ravi saw an elephant in the circus.
An old man was walking across the street.
Eating an orange everyday is also good for health.
Raghu lost an umbrella in class.
Gita wanted an ink-stand.
Ravi saw an elephant in the circus.
An old man was walking across the street.
Eating an orange everyday is also good for health.
Raghu lost an umbrella in class.
Gita wanted an ink-stand.
In all the above three examples the article ‘an’ was used in the sense of one.
Here it has to be emphasized that students should be careful in noticing the vowel sound. In certain cases the word may begin with a vowel but it may have a consonantal sound. In such a case the indefinite article ‘a’ should be used.
Eg. :
He gave the beggar a one-rupee coin.
I met a European in Karol-Bagh.
Screwdriver is a useful instrument.
This is a University.
I met a European in Karol-Bagh.
Screwdriver is a useful instrument.
This is a University.
Similarly, in other cases the word may begin with a consonant but it may have a vowel sound. In such a case the indefinite article ‘an’ should be used.
Eg. :
He is an honest officer.
There are 60 minutes in an hour.
He is an heir to crores of property.
There are 60 minutes in an hour.
He is an heir to crores of property.
A उपपद
व्यंजनाने सुरुवात
अपवाद a university a uniform a union a unit a one rupee note
An उपपद
स्वराने सुरुवात
अपवाद an hour an honest an heir an MA an anMP anSP an MLA
स्वराने सुरुवात
अपवाद an hour an honest an heir an MA an anMP anSP an MLA
THE
एकमेव वस्तु,सुर्यकुलातील वस्तु,समुद्राच्या,पर्वतांच्या,नद्यांच्या,दिशांच्या,धार्मिक ग्रंथांच्या,superlative Degree च्या तिसर्या रुपापूर्वी,क्रमवाचक विशेषणापूर्वी,डावी बाजू उजवी बाजूपूर्वी,देशवासी प्रांतवासीपूर्वी,same या शब्दापूर्वी,संपूर्ण कुंटूंबाचा उल्लेख करताना,एकदा उल्लेख झालेल्या सामान्यनामाचा पुन्हा वापर होत असल्यास,प्रतिनिधीत्व करणार्या एकवचनी सामान्यनामापूर्वी,एखाद्या सामान्यनामावर जोर देताना,विशेषण सर्वाचा उल्लेख असताना,
एकमेव वस्तु,सुर्यकुलातील वस्तु,समुद्राच्या,पर्वतांच्या,नद्यांच्या,दिशांच्या,धार्मिक ग्रंथांच्या,superlative Degree च्या तिसर्या रुपापूर्वी,क्रमवाचक विशेषणापूर्वी,डावी बाजू उजवी बाजूपूर्वी,देशवासी प्रांतवासीपूर्वी,same या शब्दापूर्वी,संपूर्ण कुंटूंबाचा उल्लेख करताना,एकदा उल्लेख झालेल्या सामान्यनामाचा पुन्हा वापर होत असल्यास,प्रतिनिधीत्व करणार्या एकवचनी सामान्यनामापूर्वी,एखाद्या सामान्यनामावर जोर देताना,विशेषण सर्वाचा उल्लेख असताना,
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